Agent Studio authoring benchmark

Order-service pilot · 11 September 2026 · Main matrix: medium effort, with a separate Astra-low comparison. Every completed draft retains the same runtime voice model.

Compare active generation time, estimated model cost and independently checked output. Hover over a point for its test and review scores. Unknown-cost and setup-failure runs are excluded from the chart.

CandidateAuthoring modelActive timeModel cost estimateTool checksBlind reviewStudio draft
astra #1gpt-6-astraresponses · medium8.11 min$3.143–$3.36721/21Saved specs 3/316/164359completed
astra #2gpt-6-astraresponses · medium9.41 min$3.442–$3.68321/21Saved specs 3/315/16Review caveat below4365completed
astra-low #1gpt-6-astraresponses · low7.28 min$3.029–$3.24321/21Saved specs 3/315/16Review caveat below4369completed
astra-low #2gpt-6-astraresponses · low6.43 min$2.727–$2.92821/21Saved specs 3/315/16Review caveat below4368completed
astra-low-agents #1 · setup failuregpt-6-astraagents · low0.01 minUnknown0/21Saved specs 0/3—/164372failed
astra-low-agents #2gpt-6-astraagents · low7.21 minUnknown21/21Saved specs 3/315/16Review caveat below4375completed
opus #1 · setup failureglobal.anthropic.claude-opus-5claude_code · medium8.91 minUnknown0/21Saved specs 0/3—/164357cancelled
opus #2global.anthropic.claude-opus-5claude_code · medium13.40 min$4.00621/21Saved specs 0/313/16Review caveat below4362completed
opus #3global.anthropic.claude-opus-5claude_code · medium15.49 min$4.20921/21Saved specs 2/316/164363completed
sol #1gpt-5.6-solresponses · medium3.97 min$0.882–$0.96021/21Saved specs 0/316/164358completed
sol #2gpt-5.6-solresponses · medium4.34 min$1.177–$1.27821/21Saved specs 0/316/164366completed
sol-agents #1gpt-5.6-solagents · medium9.93 minUnknown21/21Saved specs 3/316/164354completed
sonnet #1 · setup failureglobal.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5claude_code · medium1.25 min$0.3280/21Saved specs 0/3—/164356failed
sonnet #2global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5claude_code · medium11.07 min$1.23521/21Saved specs 0/315/164360completed
sonnet #3global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5claude_code · medium7.62 min$1.42721/21Saved specs 0/313/16Review caveat below4364completed
sonnet-opus #2global.anthropic.claude-opus-5claude_code · medium28.67 min$6.72921/21Saved specs 3/314/16Review caveat below4370completed
terra #1gpt-5.6-terraresponses · medium2.37 min$0.342–$0.36921/21Saved specs 0/315/164355completed
terra #2gpt-5.6-terraresponses · medium2.02 min$0.350–$0.38021/21Saved specs 0/312/164367completed
terra-agents #1 · setup failuregpt-5.6-terraagents · medium0.02 minUnknown0/21Saved specs 0/3—/164371failed
terra-agents #2gpt-5.6-terraagents · medium10.38 minUnknown21/21Saved specs 3/316/164374completed
terra-sol #1gpt-5.6-solresponses · medium7.22 min$1.549–$1.68521/21Saved specs 0/316/164361completed

Review findings

astra #2 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The sole blind-review deduction is that the builtin end_session schema is absent from the draft. Builtins are stored by reference. The repository contract supports the exact authored arguments reason="goodbye" and session_escalated=false (builtin-contracts.json and builtin-tools.ts). This is missing review context, not an established generated-tool defect; retain the raw 15/16 score with this caveat.

astra-low #1 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The sole blind-review deduction is that the builtin end_session schema is absent from the draft. Builtins are stored by reference. The repository contract supports the authored reason and session_escalated arguments. This is missing review context, not an established generated-tool defect; retain the raw 15/16 score with this caveat.

astra-low #2 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The sole blind-review deduction is that the builtin end_session schema is absent from the draft. Builtins are stored by reference. The repository contract supports the authored reason and session_escalated arguments. This is missing review context, not an established generated-tool defect; retain the raw 15/16 score with this caveat.

astra-low-agents #2 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The reviewer treats {{TOOL:end_session}} as unresolved and cannot find the builtin schema in the draft. The tool token is supported Studio prompt syntax, and builtin:end_session is stored by reference. Its repository contract supports reason and session_escalated. This is missing platform context for the reviewer, not an established generated-tool defect; the raw 15/16 score is retained.

opus #2 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The reviewer could not verify the builtin end_session arguments from the draft alone. The platform contract supports reason and session_escalated; builtins are stored by reference. This resolves that schema uncertainty, but does not prove deployment-specific handoff behavior or dismiss the separate wording and verification findings.

sonnet #2 · review findings
sonnet #3 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The blind reviewer claimed that a wrong-item return reveals SKU-RED-1 before postal verification. Executing the unchanged saved Python with ORDER-1003, postal 99999 and item SKU-NOT-ON-ORDER returned verification_failed with no SKU; the saved source includes postal_code=10003 in the wrong-item branch. Both follow-up privacy checks pass. Preserve the raw 13/16 model score, but do not treat this alleged runtime leak as established or use it uncritically to rank Sonnet.

sonnet-opus #2 · review findings and reproduction caveat

Reproduction caveat: The platform end_session contract supports the authored reason and session_escalated arguments; the draft stores this builtin by reference. Its schema being absent from the artifact is missing reviewer context. This does not establish that a deployment-specific handoff works, and it does not resolve the separate verification-wording finding. The raw 14/16 review is retained.

terra #1 · review findings
terra #2 · review findings

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